Almost every other man faces prostatitis at different ages. This disease is associated with an inflammatory process in the prostate, which can be caused by stagnant processes in the pelvic region, various infections. In the case where the result of the analysis showed the presence of a pathogen in the prostate secretion, the doctor diagnoses bacterial prostatitis. Why does the disease develop and how is it treated?
Causes
Based on the name, it becomes clear that the main reason for the development of the disease is the entry of bacteria into the prostate. The causes can be:
- Intestinal and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Staphylococcus aureus.
- Enterococcus.
- Klebsiella.
- Enterobacter.
- Proteus.
- Sexually transmitted infections.
Many pathogenic microorganisms are always in the human body without harming it. However, when favorable conditions are created, the infection begins to actively develop, causing disease. These favorable conditions for bacteria include:
- Diseases of the urinary tract.
- Bacterial infections that develop in the body and can enter the prostate through blood or lymph fluid.
- Prostate phimosis.
- Acute epididymitis.
- Ureteral catheterization.
- Reflux (intraprostatic or urethroprostatic), when disease-causing organisms enter the prostate.
- Transurethral surgeries performed without prior antibiotic therapy.
- Violation of urination due to abnormal bladder structure.
- Conditions associated with decreased immune defense (AIDS, diabetes, hemodialysis).
When bacteria enter the prostate area, the pathogenic microflora begins to actively develop and an inflammatory process occurs in the organ.
Risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing prostatitis are:
- Frequent diseases of the genitourinary system of infectious nature.
- Presence of helminthic invasions and other parasites.
- Genetic predisposition.
- Incomplete or untimely bladder emptying.
- Hypothermia.
- Irritation of the urethra by chemicals.
- Promiscuous sex life, lack of contraception.
The main causes of the development of inflammation of the prostate
- Prolonged sexual abstinence.
- The presence of bad habits.
- Weakening of immunity.
- Improper diet.
- Dehydration of the organism.
- Sedentary lifestyle, which leads to the appearance of stagnant processes in the pelvic area.
- Frequent stressful situations.
Symptoms
It is simply impossible not to notice the symptoms of bacterial prostatitis, because this form of the disease begins acutely. The patient is concerned about:
- Increased body temperature, accompanied by chills.
- Painful sensations in the perineum, lower abdomen and lower back.
- Painful urination. The patient notices pain and burning in the urethra, which is felt especially strongly at night.
- Difficulty urinating, feeling of incomplete bladder emptying.
- Constipation is possible due to compression of the anus by an inflamed prostate.
- Signs of intoxication of the body (headache, general weakness of the body, body aches).
- Discharge from the urethra.
The symptoms of the disease also vary depending on the stage of bacterial prostatitis:
- At the onset of the disease, the inflammation does not spread beyond the prostate. The man is worried about pain in the perineum, which can radiate to the sacral area. Urination is fast and painful.
- In the second stage, the inflammation spreads to the lobes of the prostate. In this case the pain increases and can be given into the anus. Urination is significantly weakened, until it is completely retained.
- In the advanced form of bacterial prostatitis, the inflammation spreads to all lobes of the prostate. The patient complains of signs of general intoxication of the body. Body temperature rises to 40 degrees. Delayed urination becomes acute. There are pulsating sensations in the perineum. Frequent constipation occurs.
Possible complications
In case of untimely or poor quality treatment, acute bacterial prostatitis can seriously damage a person's health and life. The most dangerous of these is sepsis.
Also, the infection can rise above the prostate and lead to pyelonephritis or cystitis.
Bacterial prostatitis can turn into a chronic form, which is often difficult to treat and leads to complications such as: adenoma, infertility, impotence, etc.
Diagnosis
Because bacterial prostatitis has characteristic symptoms, it is usually very easy to diagnose. If the disease is not acute, the doctor will perform a rectal examination probing the area of the gland and take a sample of secretions for analysis. The following studies help make the diagnosis:
- Clinical and bacterial analysis of the patient's blood and urine.
- Prostate ultrasound.
- PSA blood.
- Analysis of scraping of the epithelium from the urethra.
Treatment
The danger of bacterial prostatitis is that it can become chronic in the shortest possible time. This is why it is so important to start treatment when the first signs of the disease are identified. After all, the chronic form of the disease contributes to the spread of the inflammatory process to surrounding tissues and organs. If you neglect treatment and do not take certain medications, then the prostate can completely atrophy.
Antibiotics are prescribed to treat bacterial prostatitis. Only a doctor can recommend this or that medicine after examination and obtaining the results of microbiological tests.
Treatment with antibacterial drugs is considered the most appropriate for the bacterial nature of the disease. Due to the fact that antibiotics can make the tissues of the organs permeable, the drug can freely penetrate to the site of inflammation.
The following antibiotics are prescribed in the treatment of bacterial prostatitis:
- Ampicillins.
- Macrolide preparations are quite effective in combating many pathogens.
- Cephalosporin drugs are effective in the acute phase of the disease.
- Fluoroquinolones are very sensitive to many bacteria. Due to the fact that these drugs have a large number of side effects, they are prescribed with caution.
- Tetracyclines can be difficult to tolerate, so they have been prescribed very rarely lately.
The course of antibiotic treatment cannot be shorter than 10 days.
In addition, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used for treatment. They effectively relieve prostate pain and inflammation.
If problems with urination are observed, the patient is shown the use of alpha-blockers that lead to a decrease in tension in the smooth muscles of the urethra and bladder.
Bacterial prostatitis is often accompanied by a depressed state and frequent changes in the patient's mood. In such cases, the doctor recommends the use of drugs with a sedative effect.
If the disease is severe, the patient needs detoxification treatment, which consists of intravenous administration of glucose, saline with trace elements and vitamin complexes. It is important that the man respects the drinking regime and drinks at least 2 liters of clean water a day.
The treatment regimen for prostatitis with drugs should be aimed at normalizing blood circulation in the pelvic region and increasing the body's defenses. To do this, use:
- Vitamin-mineral complexes.
- Antispasmodics.
- Immunomodulators.
- Biologicals.
In addition to taking medication, your doctor will recommend that you do microclysters with a decoction of herbs (chamomile, calendula). The use of topical preparations in the case of bacterial prostatitis should be strictly limited, because there is a high risk of various complications.
After the removal of the inflammatory process, the patient is prescribed physiotherapeutic treatment (electrical stimulation of the prostate, magnetotherapy, etc. ). They help speed up recovery and are performed on an outpatient basis.
In extreme cases, when taking medication has not given the desired result, the doctor may decide on surgery. Such an intervention consists of prostate resection and is usually performed in older men. Young people are not prescribed such treatment due to possible complications (enuresis, impotence, infertility).
If bacterial prostatitis becomes chronic, it is quite difficult to treat. It must be remembered that it is no longer possible to do this at home.
Preventive measures
The best prevention of bacterial prostatitis is an active lifestyle. This is due to the fact that the gland itself is poorly supplied with blood. Therefore, those who have sedentary work must take regular breaks to walk a little or do special exercises (retraction of the anus muscles).
Contrasting shower gives a good effect. In this case, the jet of water is directed directly into the perineal area. The time of using hot (hot) water is 30 seconds, cold - it should not be longer than 15 seconds. The average duration of the procedure should be 5 minutes.
Preventive measures also include:
- Avoiding body hypothermia.
- Fight prison. If you cannot get rid of them yourself, you should visit a doctor who will advise you mild laxatives.
- Normalization of sexual activity (choosing a permanent partner, using a condom in case of suspicious contact, avoiding prolonged absence or excessively active sex).
- Regular preventive examination by a urologist for all men older than 40-45 years.
Forecast
What are the consequences of bacterial prostatitis in men? The success of treatment depends on how timely and competently the therapy is prescribed. In addition, it is influenced by the patient's age, lifestyle, stage of the disease, and the presence of other physical illnesses.
The acute phase responds well to drug treatment, which after a few days significantly improves the human condition. However, with improper treatment or its interruption, recurrence and transition of prostatitis to a chronic form is possible, which turns out to be much more difficult to cure.
To avoid the unpleasant consequences of bacterial prostatitis, it is important that the man monitors his health, observes preventive measures, and in case of discomfort in the perineal region, consult a doctor.